The black hornbill (Anthracoceros malayanus) is a medium-sized hornbill found in Southeast Asia. It is a common sight in lowland forests, and is known for its large, black bill and distinctive calls.
Description
The black hornbill is a relatively large bird, with a body length of 68–75 cm (26.8–29.5 in) and a wingspan of 125–150 cm (49.2–59.1 in). It has a black plumage with a white rump and undertail, and a red throat pouch. The bill is large and black, and has a casque on top. The casque is made of keratin, and is hollow. It is thought to help the bird with thermoregulation, and may also be used in courtship displays.
Distribution and habitat
The black hornbill is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. It inhabits lowland rainforest, and is most commonly found in areas near water.
Diet
The black hornbill is an omnivore, and its diet consists of fruits, insects, small mammals, and reptiles. It forages in the canopy of trees, and uses its long bill to probe for food in holes and crevices.
Behavior
The black hornbill is a social bird, and lives in groups of up to 10 individuals. These groups are typically made up of a breeding pair and their offspring. Black hornbills are very vocal, and use a variety of calls to communicate with each other.
Reproduction
The black hornbill is a monogamous species, and pairs bond for life. The breeding season is from February to June. The female lays 2-4 eggs, which are incubated by both parents. The chicks hatch after about 18 days, and fledge after about 35 days.
Conservation
The black hornbill is not considered to be threatened. However, its habitat is being lost to deforestation, and it is also hunted in some parts of its range.
Interesting facts
- The black hornbill is one of the few birds that can close its bill with a loud snapping sound. This is thought to be used to defend its territory, or to attract mates.
- Black hornbills are good swimmers, and have been known to catch fish in rivers and streams.
- Black hornbills are preyed upon by a variety of animals, including snakes, eagles, and hawks.
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